The influence of body image on surgical decisions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the severity of deformities in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis contributes to patients’ decision regarding whether to undergo an operation. METHODS: We evaluated body image factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. We evaluated the magnitude of the main scoliotic curve, gibbosity (magnitude and location), shoulder height asymmetry and patient’s age. We analyzed the correlation of these data with the number of years the patient was willing to trade for surgery, as measured by the time-trade-off method. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients were studied. We did not find a correlation between any of the parameters that were studied and the number of years that the patient would trade for the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of body deformities in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis does not interfere with the decision to undertake surgical treatment

Predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusion in surgeries for correction of idiopathic, neuromuscular or congenital scoliosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of clinical and demographic variables in patients requiring blood transfusion during elective surgery to treat scoliosis with the aim of identifying markers predictive of the need for blood transfusion. METHODS: Based on the review of medical charts at a public university hospital, this retrospective study evaluated whether the following variables were associated with the need for red blood cell transfusion (measured by the number of packs used) during scoliosis surgery: scoliotic angle, extent of arthrodesis (number of fused levels), sex of the patient, surgery duration and type of scoliosis (neuromuscular, congenital or idiopathic). RESULTS: Of the 94 patients evaluated in a 55-month period, none required a massive blood transfusion (most patients needed less than two red blood cell packs). The number of packs was not significantly associated with sex or type of scoliosis. The extent of arthrodesis (r = 0.103), surgery duration (r = 0.144) and scoliotic angle (r = 0.004) were weakly correlated with the need for blood transfusion. Linear regression analysis showed an association between the number of spine levels submitted to arthrodesis and the volume of blood used in transfusions (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study did not reveal any evidence of a significant association between the need for red blood cell transfusion and scoliotic angle, sex or surgery duration in scoliosis correction surgery. Submission of more spinal levels to arthrodesis was associated with the use of a greater number of blood packs

Controlled medial branch anesthetic block in the diagnosis of chronic lumbar facet joint pain: the value of a three-month follow-up

OBJECTIVES: To verify the incidence of facetary and low back pain after a controlled medial branch anesthetic block in a three-month follow-up and to verify the correlation between the positive results and the demographic variables. METHODS: Patients with chronic lumbar pain underwent a sham blockade (with a saline injection) and then a controlled medial branch block. Their symptoms were evaluated before and after the sham injection and after the real controlled medial branch block; the symptoms were reevaluated after one day and one week, as well as after one, two and three months using the visual analog scale. We searched for an association between the positive results and the demographic characteristics of the patients. RESULTS: A total of 104 controlled medial branch blocks were performed and 54 patients (52%) demonstrated >;50% improvements in pain after the blockade. After three months, lumbar pain returned in only 18 individuals, with visual analogue scale scores >;4. Therefore, these patients were diagnosed with chronic facet low back pain. The three-months of follow-up after the controlled medial branch block excluded 36 patients (67%) with false positive results. The results of the controlled medial branch block were not correlated to sex, age, pain duration or work disability but were correlated with patient age (

Evaluation of Alternative Halo Ring Positions in Children Using Tomography

OBJECTIVES: The halo ring can be applied in children, through skeletal traction or a halo vest device, to treat many cervical spine pathologies, including traumatic injuries and pathologies related to deformities. However, the procedure is associated with various complications, such as infection, pin loosening, and respiratory and neurological problems. Although widely studied in adults, the best pin insertion site in children and the correlations of pin insertion sites with outcomes and complications have not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to determine alternative pin placement sites based on a morphological analysis of the infant skull by computerized tomography (CT). METHODS: An analytical-descriptive study was performed using 50 CT scans from children. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used. RESULTS: A linear and directly proportional relation was found between cranial thickness and patient age. The average thicknesses of the anterior points across all ages analyzed ranged from 4.16 mm to 4.98 mm. The thicknesses of the posterior points varied from 3.94 mm to 4.27 mm. Within each age range, points 1 cm above the standard insertion sites had thicknesses similar to those of the standard sites, and points 2 cm above the standard insertion sites had thicknesses greater than those of the standard sites. CONCLUSIONS: The cranial thickness at all points increases linearly with age. Points 1 and 2 cm above the standard insertion sites are viable alternatives for the placement of halo pins. Preoperative CT can aid in choosing the best positioning sites for pins in the skull

Análisis retrospectivo de los resultados de la utilización de las fracturas craneales halo dislocaciones subaxiales

OBJETIVO: avaliar o emprego do halo craniano em fraturas e luxações cervicais no atendimento inicial, relacionado com a taxa de sucesso na redução fechada de lesões cervicais nos diferentes tipos de fraturas. MÉTODOS: investigação retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes atendidos e tratados de Janeiro de 2004 até Março de 2009, em um total de 222 pacientes, categorizando as lesões encontradas de acordo com a classificação AO. RESULTADOS: encontramos alta taxa de sucesso de redução fechada em pacientes com lesões cervicais por compressão axial (AO tipo A) no emprego do halo craniano; em lesões por distração (AO tipo B) e movimento rotacional (AO tipo C) observamos aproximadamente 50% de redução fechada da luxação; além disso, lesões em níveis mais craniais apresentam maior taxa de sucesso na redução. CONCLUSÃO: o emprego do halo craniano é encorajado, pois, além de realizar um papel imobilizador no atendimento inicial, apresenta resultados satisfatórios na tentativa de redução fechada da lesão cervical, melhorando o conforto do paciente, facilitando a abordagem cirúrgica posterior e o cuidado da equipe de enfermagem.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the use of cranial halo cervical fractures and dislocations in the initial care related to the rate of successful closed reduction of cervical lesions in different types of fractures. METHODS: retrospective investigation of reports of patients admitted and treated from January 2004 to March 2009, a total of 222 patients. The lesions were categorized according to the AO classification. RESULTS: a high success rate of closed reduction in patients with cervical lesions by axial compression (AO type A) in the use of cranial halo; in distraction injuries (AO type B) and rotational motion (AO type C) we observed approximately 50% of closed reduction of dislocation; furthermore, lesions in more cranial levels have a higher success rate in reducing. CONCLUSION: the use of cranial halo is encouraged because, in addition to performing a immobilizing role in the initial care, it produces satisfactory results in the attempt of closed reduction of cervical injury, improving patient's comfort, facilitating the surgical approach and subsequent care of the nursing team.OBJETIVO: evaluar el uso de halo craneal en fracturas cervicales y luxaciones de los cuidados iniciales, en relación con el porcentaje de reducción cerrada con éxito de las lesiones cervicales en los diferentes tipos de fracturas. MÉTODOS: investigación retrospectiva de los informes de los pacientes ingresados y tratados desde enero de 2004 hasta marzo de 2009, en un total de 222 pacientes, las lesiones se clasificaron según la clasificación AO. RESULTADOS: se encontró un alto porcentaje de éxito de la reducción cerrada en pacientes con lesiones cervicales por compresión axial (AO tipo A), en el uso de halo craneal; en las lesiones por distracción (AO tipo B) y el movimiento de rotación (AO tipo C) se observó aproximadamente el 50% de la reducción cerrada de la luxación. Por otra parte, las lesiones en los niveles más craneales tienen una tasa de éxito mayor en su reducción. CONCLUSIÓN: el uso del halo craneal es alentado porque, además de realizar un papel en la atención inicial inmovilizador, produce resultados satisfactorios en el intento de reducción cerrada de la lesión cervical, mejorando la comodidad del paciente, facilitando el abordaje quirúrgico y los cuidados posteriores del equipo de enfermería

Elección de la vía quirúrgica para el tratamiento de las fracturas cervicales

OBJETIVO: definir características epidemiológicas da população vitimada, classificar as fraturas subaxiais e analisar como foram os tratamentos cirúrgicos, tendo como desfecho a via cirúrgica escolhida - anterior, posterior ou combinada - reunindo tais dados para observar padrões de tratamento para o melhor cuidado desses doentes. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva em prontuários médicos de 222 pacientes atendidos e tratados entre o ano de 2004 e o mês de Março de 2009 com fraturas, fraturas-luxações e luxações cervicais. Desses 222 pacientes, 163 correspondiam àqueles que tinham fraturas subaxiais classificáveis pelo método AO, ou seja, correspondiam a aproximadamente 73,4% do total. RESULTADOS: dentre os pacientes, 83% eram homens e aproximadamente 78% tinham entre 21 e 60 anos. Foram classificados como Tipo A 54 pacientes, e 50% foram operados - 85,18% via anterior, com corpectomia associada ou não à artrodese; foram classificados como Tipo B 77 pacientes, e 85,7% foram operados - 77,3% via posterior, considerando-se a lesão ligamentar; como Tipo C foram classificados 21 pacientes, e 81% foram operados - 94,1% via posterior; como Múltiplos Níveis foram considerados 11 pacientes, e 54,5% foram operados - 83,3% via posterior, nenhum por via anterior isoladamente. CONCLUSÃO: os dados obtidos podem contribuir para a padronização do atendimento ao paciente com traumatismo cervical e tornar os resultados do tratamento mais previsíveis. A experiência acumulada e revertida em números facilitará a escolha da via cirúrgica.OBJECTIVE: to define the epidemiologic characteristics of the involved patients, to classify the subaxial fractures to study how the patients have been surgically treated, with the chosen surgical approach (anterior, posterior or combined) being the main goal of the study, gathering these data in order to observe patterns of treatment for better care of the patient. METHODS: the medical history of 222 patients with cervical fractures, fracture-dislocations and dislocations, between the year of 2004 and March 2009, was retrospectively analyzed. Among these 222 patients, 163 of them had subaxial fractures that were eligible to the AO Classification system, corresponding to 73.4% of the total. RESULTS: 83% of the patients were male and approximately 78% were aged between 21 and 60. Fifty-four patients were classified as Type A, and 50% had surgery - 85,18% by anterior approach, with corpectomy associated or not with arthrodesis; 77 patients were classified as Type B, and 85,7% had surgery - 77,3% by posterior approach, considering the ligament lesion; 21 patients were classified as Type C, and 81% had surgery - 94,1% posterior approach; finally, 11 patients were classified as Multiple Level, and 54,5% had surgery - 83,3% by posterior approach, none by anterior approach alone. CONCLUSION: the data obtained may contribute to the standardization of the care given to the cervical traumatized patient and make the treatment results more predictable. The experience gathered and converted to numbers will help in the choice of the surgical approach.OBJETIVO: definir las características epidemiológicas de la población víctima, clasificar las fracturas subaxiales, y analizar cómo los tratamientos quirúrgicos fueron realizados, teniendo ellos mismos como resultado la manera quirúrgica elegida - anterior, posterior o combinada -, y juntar estos datos para observar estándares del tratamiento para el cuidado óptimo de esta gente enferma. MÉTODOS: análisis retrospectiva en prontuarios médicos de 222 pacientes atendidos y tratados, entre 2004 y Marzo de 2009 con fracturas, fracturas-luxaciones y luxaciones cervicales. De estos 222 pacientes, 163 correspondieron a los que tenían fracturas subaxiales clasificables por el método AO, es decir, aproximadamente un 73.4% del total. RESULTADOS: los 83% de los pacientes eran hombres y el aproximadamente 78% tenían entre 21 y 60 años de la edad. Habían sido clasificados como Tipo A, 54 pacientes, el 50% habían sido operados - el 85.18%, vía anterior, con corpectomía asociada o no a la artrodese; fueron clasificados como Tipo B, 77 pacientes, y el 85.7% que habían sido operados - el 77.3% vía posterior, teniendo en cuenta el lesión ligamentar; como Tipo C, 21 pacientes fueron clasificados, y el 81% que habían sido operados - el 94.1% de la vía posterior; y como Niveles Múltiples, 11 pacientes fueron considerados, 54.5% fueron operados - el 83.3% de la vía posterior, ningún por la vía anterior sola. CONCLUSIÓN: los datos obtenidos pueden contribuir con la normalización del cuidado del paciente con traumatismo cervical y tornar los resultados más predecibles. La experiencia acumulada y invertida en números facilitará la elección de los medios quirúrgicos

Effects of estrogen on functional and neurological recovery after spinal cord injury: An experimental study with rats

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the functional and histological effects of estrogen as a neuroprotective agent after a standard experimentally induced spinal cord lesion.METHODS:In this experimental study, 20 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: one group with rats undergoing spinal cord injury (SCI) at T10 and receiving estrogen therapy with 17-beta estradiol (4mg/kg) immediately following the injury and after the placement of skin sutures and a control group with rats only subjected to SCI. A moderate standard experimentally induced SCI was produced using a computerized device that dropped a weight on the rat's spine from a height of 12.5 mm. Functional recovery was verified with the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 42nd days after injury and by quantifying the motor-evoked potential on the 42nd day after injury. Histopathological evaluation of the SCI area was performed after euthanasia on the 42nd day.RESULTS:The experimental group showed a significantly greater functional improvement from the 28th to the 42nd day of observation compared to the control group. The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in the motor-evoked potential compared with the control group. The results of pathological histomorphometry evaluations showed a better neurological recovery in the experimental group, with respect to the proportion and diameter of the quantified nerve fibers.CONCLUSIONS:Estrogen administration provided benefits in neurological and functional motor recovery in rats with SCI beginning at the 28th day after injury

Correlation between the degree of correction of neuromuscular scoliosis and patient quality of life

OBJECTIVE: There are few data on patient satisfaction with surgery for the correction of neuromuscular scoliosis or on the correlation between patient satisfaction and the degree of curve correction achieved by surgery. Our aim was to determine the correlations between both patient satisfaction and perception of quality of life and the degree of curve correction. METHODS: We interviewed 18 patients and administered a questionnaire that collected social and economic data and information about functional ability, comorbidities and satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests, Pearson correlation and paired t-tests. RESULTS: The mean correction achieved was 42.8%, i.e., 34.17 degrees. Early and late complication rates were low (11.1% each). Almost all of the patients (94.4%) were satisfied with the surgery, and expectations were met for 61.1% of them. Quality of life and aesthetics were improved in 83.4% and 94.4% of cases, respectively. No correlation was found between satisfaction and degree of correction. CONCLUSION: Our surgical results are similar to those of other studies with respect to the degree of correction and patient satisfaction. The disparity between satisfaction and fulfillment of expectations may be due to unrealistic initial expectations or misunderstanding of the objective of surgery. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that satisfaction is multifactorial and not restricted to a quantitative goal. The satisfaction of patients who undergo operation for neuromuscular scoliosis does not depend directly on the degree of deformity correction. The relationship between satisfaction and the success of the correction procedure is complex and multifactorial

A Comparative Study of Sagittal Balance in Patients with Neuromuscular Scoliosis

OBJECTIVES: Spinopelvic alignment has been associated with improved quality of life in patients with vertebral deformities, and it helps to compensate for imbalances in gait. Although surgical treatment of scoliosis in patients with neuromuscular spinal deformities promotes correction of coronal scoliotic deformities, it remains poorly established whether this results in large changes in sagittal balance parameters in this specific population. The objective of this study is to compare these parameters before and after the current procedure under the hypothesis is that there is no significant modification. METHODS: Sampling included all records of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis with adequate radiographic records treated at Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo (IOT-HCFMUSP) from January 2009 to December 2013. Parameters analyzed were incidence, sacral inclination, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, spinosacral angle, spinal inclination and spinopelvic inclination obtained using the iSite-Philips digital display system with Surgimap and a validated method for digital measurements of scoliosis radiographs. Comparison between the pre- and post-operative conditions involved means and standard deviations and the t-test. RESULTS: Based on 101 medical records only, 16 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, including 7 males and 9 females, with an age range of 9-20 and a mean age of 12.9±3.06; 14 were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. No significant differences were found between pre and postoperative parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Despite correction of coronal scoliotic deformity in patients with neuromuscular deformities, there were no changes in spinopelvic alignment parameters in the group studied

Evaluación de diferentes casos con artrodesis C1-C2

OBJETIVO: Análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes com instabilidade C1-C2 de causas traumáticas e não-traumáticas, submetidos à artrodese C1-C2. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários de 20 pacientes do ambulatório de coluna do IOT-HCFMUSP com idades entre 7 e 83 anos (média de 43 anos), de ambos os sexos. Os parâmetros radiográficos para instabilidade foram baseados na medida do intervalo atlanto-axial superior a 3 mm em adultos e a 5 mm em crianças, utilizando-se medidas obtidas através de radiografia simples analisada no perfil. RESULTADOS: Foram operados 20 pacientes com instabilidade cervical alta, a maioria de origem traumática. A técnica cirúrgica mais utilizada foi a artrodese descrita por Magerl. Não foram observadas lesões vasculares. Foi registrada complicação infecciosa em dois pacientes. Obteve-se uma taxa de consolidação da artrodese de 85% e não foram necessárias cirurgias de revisão. CONCLUSÃO: Todas as técnicas utilizadas produziram a consolidação óssea satisfatória e foram excelentes para controlar a instabilidade atlanto-axial